Desexing Early vs Late – What’s the Right Choice for Your Dog?

When it comes to desexing (spaying or neutering) your dog, everyone seems to have an opinion. And often, those opinions are passionately split between two camps: "Do it early to prevent problems!" and "Wait to protect their long-term health!" So which one is right? The truth is: there is no single right answer. Like many decisions in pet care, the best option depends on a range of factors including breed, size, sex, lifestyle, and even your long-term plans for the dog. The Case for Early Desexing Many vets and rescue groups recommend desexing dogs as early as 4 to 6 months of age. Here's why: 1. Preventing Unwanted LittersThis is the most common and clear-cut reason. Desexing before sexual maturity ensures there’s no chance of an accidental pregnancy. In Australia alone, thousands of unwanted puppies end up in shelters each year. Early desexing helps stop the cycle. 2. Reducing Hormone-Driven BehaviourEarly desexing can help reduce or prevent behaviours such as marking, humping, roaming, and in some cases, aggression. These behaviours are often influenced by sex hormones, and reducing them early may lead to calmer, more manageable pets. 3. Some Health BenefitsIn females, early spaying removes the risk of pyometra (a potentially fatal uterine infection) and greatly reduces the risk of mammary tumours if done before the first heat. In males, it eliminates the risk of testicular cancer. The Case for Delaying Desexing More recently, research has emerged suggesting that waiting until after physical maturity may have some long-term benefits, particularly for large and giant breeds. 1. Joint & Bone DevelopmentSex hormones play a role in the closure of growth plates. Desexing too early may leave joints more prone to injury, especially in larger breeds who take longer to fully mature. Delaying desexing until 12–18 months allows for more complete skeletal development. 2. Potential Longevity BenefitsSome studies (particularly in breeds like Golden Retrievers and Rottweilers) have found associations between delayed desexing and reduced risk of certain cancers or orthopedic issues. While more research is needed, it’s worth considering in the context of your dog’s breed and background. 3. Hormonal MaturityAllowing a dog to experience full hormonal development can impact coat, metabolism, and behaviour. Some owners report more stable temperaments and better muscle development in intact dogs who are later desexed. What Factors Should You Consider? There’s no one-size-fits-all answer, but here are some key things to think about: Breed and Size: Large and giant breeds may benefit more from delayed desexing. Small dogs mature faster and often aren’t as affected orthopedically. Sex: Females have added risks with each heat cycle. Males often cope better with delayed desexing behaviourally. Environment: Is your dog likely to roam? Do you have intact dogs of the opposite sex in the household? Lifestyle: Will your dog be a pet, a working dog, a show dog, or a breeding prospect? Health History: Some medical conditions or family history may influence the recommendation. How Your Dog Fits Into Your Life: At the end of the day, your dog needs to thrive in your home. Behavioural challenges linked to hormones—like marking, frustration, or aggression—can have real-world consequences in a family setting. A decision that supports both long-term health and everyday harmony should always be the goal. So, When Should You Desex? If you're looking for a definitive age, you won't find it here — and that’s a good thing. Responsible pet ownership means weighing all the factors and making a decision based on your dog’s unique circumstances. It’s important to go into the conversation with your vet already understanding the pros and cons of both sides. That way, you’re not just relying on one viewpoint — you’re equipped to ask questions and make an informed decision that feels right for you and your dog. Vets can offer valuable insight, but like any profession, their recommendations can vary. The more you understand up front, the more productive that conversation will be. There is no right answer. Just an educated, responsible one.